Pregnancy With Diabetes Or Hypertension

Pregnancy can be more complex when accompanied by pre-existing or gestational diabetes and hypertension. These conditions require careful monitoring and management to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby.

Diabetes during pregnancy can be either pregestational (existing before pregnancy) or gestational (developing during pregnancy). Poorly controlled blood sugar levels can increase the risk of complications such as preterm birth, macrosomia (excessive fetal growth), preeclampsia, and the need for cesarean delivery. Regular monitoring of blood glucose, dietary adjustments, physical activity, and, in some cases, insulin therapy are essential parts of managing diabetes in pregnancy. Close surveillance of fetal growth and development is also necessary through periodic scans and tests.

Hypertension in pregnancy can be chronic (present before pregnancy or before 20 weeks) or gestational (develops after 20 weeks). Both types increase the risk of complications such as placental abruption, restricted fetal growth, preterm labor, and preeclampsia. Management involves regular blood pressure monitoring, lifestyle modifications, and the use of pregnancy-safe antihypertensive medications when necessary. In high-risk cases, more frequent prenatal visits and fetal assessments may be required.

In both conditions, early diagnosis, proper prenatal care, and multidisciplinary coordination play a vital role in achieving favorable outcomes. Women with diabetes or hypertension should be encouraged to attend all scheduled antenatal visits, follow medical advice strictly, and remain alert to warning signs like persistent headaches, visual disturbances, swelling, or abnormal fetal movements.